The remainder of the jaw after the teeth have been extracted.

The portion of the tooth which holds the tooth in the jawbone. It is not usually visible as it is located below the gum. It is composed of the pulp tissue which is surrounded by dentin which is surrounded by a thin layer of cementum. The cementum connects the tooth to the jaw bone via the periodontal ligament.

A dental procedure which removes the inflamed, infected, or necrotic (dead) pulp from the tooth and fills it with a stabile and inert material called gutta-percha.

The process of cleaning the outer surface of the roots of the teeth. This is usually the first treatment for periodontal disease and is aimed at removing the buildup of bacteria, calculus and the toxins they produce from the root surface so the gums can heal and reconnect to the tooth root.